Several Pompeians died from asphyxiation during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD, a volcanic emission of exceptional power that lasted about a day. To date, approximately 1300 victims have been found in Pompeii, of which, however, only 100 casts have been created. This technique, which consisted of injecting liquid plaster into the negative molds left by the decomposed bodies of the victims in the ash, was used for the first time in 1863 by the then director of the excavations, Giuseppe Fiorelli. The plaster casts of Pompeii represent a unique and invaluable resource for understanding the human experience during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Some scientific studies have analyzed the plaster casts of Pompeii victims, shedding light on their demographics, cause of death and social context. Analysis of the plaster casts revealed important information on the demographics of the population of Pompeii at the time of the eruption. By examining skeletal remains and dental evidence, researchers were able to determine the age, gender and health status of the victims. Additionally, examination of clothing and personal effects provided clues to individuals’ social status and occupations. The casts represent the last moments of life and the positions assumed by the victims: they capture the attention of visitors due to the anguish and terror experienced by the inhabitants of Pompeii in their last moments. Their close-up view reveals intricate details such as facial expressions, hair and clothing, offering a poignant reminder of the human tragedy that occurred during the eruption. You can reconstruct the lives and identities of victims through plaster casts and gain a deeper appreciation for the human dimension of this ancient catastrophe. Pompeii’s plaster casts offer a powerful and evocative glimpse into the past, preserving the memories of those who died in the eruption of Vesuvius. It is essential to remember the memory of the victims and learn from their tragic fate, ensuring that the catastrophic event that destroyed Pompeii is never forgotten.